Diabetes Mellito is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that allow you to greatly facilitate human life.First of all, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If you adhere to adequately prescribed nutrition, diabetes will not affect general well -being and, moreover, the probability of various types of complications is reduced, including a heart attack, stroke, etc.
Types of diets
The diet in diabetes is determined according to the type of disease itself and the age category.So there are general principles for the construction of adequate diet, which are regulated on the basis of individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to treat the disease, to reduce the danger from it, a certain menu is prescribed.The use of adequate food in a clearly specified time is necessary for:
- reduce the risks of chronic and acute complications;
- maintain good health and relatively strong immunity;
- prevent a series of excess weight or get rid of it;
- Preservation of blood sugar within the permitted limits.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called insulin dependent.Its development is associated with the injury and death of cells in the pancreas and are responsible for the production of insulin.
With it, food aims to maintain the insulin therapy process and is rather a further method of control over disease.Its principles are similar to those to whom healthy people adhere to achieving a good figure and well -being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Since the treatment of 1 type of diabetes consists in taking insulin, it is necessary to monitor which percentage in the daily diet is given to carbohydrates.As a rule, it should not be more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes is also dependent on insulin, it develops in obese people, consequently, the diet is primarily.In the initial phase of the disease or easy, the meaning lies in a rational way of excess weight.
When diabetes of this type reaches medium or even serious, in addition to the diet, taking drugs aimed at reducing blood sugar levels or insulin.It is worth noting that in such cases special attention should be given to physical effort.Thanks to them, a problem like obesity can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diets are the table so called 8 and 9. The eighth diet table is applicable to those who suffer from overweight or have a tendency to complete.The ninth is taken as a base when the diet for diabetics is determined.
Diet n.9 for diabetes
Diet n.9 is considered therapeutic and prescribed to normalize the metabolism (carbohydrates).It also aims to prevent violations associated with fat metabolism.Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- The calorie content should be reduced using animal fats and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed (with the exception of sweets and sugar);
- partial restriction or complete exclusion of cholesterol and salt;
- more consumption of more vitamins and fibers;
- The content of the proteins should be within the norm.
The basis of all useful diets, including ninth, is the correct meal.Often it is necessary to eat in small portions.In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
The dishes to fry or stewed should be eaten as little as possible or completely forget them.First of all it should be cooked and boiled.It is better to develop a menu for a week, because it will be easier to monitor this.A special preference should be given to the following products:
- low fat content meat;
- low -fat fish;
- vegetables that contain no more than 5% of carbohydrates;
- fruits (not all);
- Natural sugar -free drinks.
As for condiments and eggs, their consumption should be limited.This is particularly true for egg yolks.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude desserts from the diabetes menu, which also prohibits the pasta, butter and strata dough, the vegetables in brine.
It is categorically impossible to consume bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives.The same goes for fats such as pork, ram and beef.To obtain the necessary fats, it is necessary to use butter (without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
Diet n.9 acts as a base that is used when prescribing the necessary nutrition.Depending on the personal indicators of a person who suffers from diabetes, he is regulated.There are various types of diets that can be combined and find an option suitable for yourself.
What is a unit of bread?
Since the meaning in correct nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain quantities, you should know how determined that beloved rule is, on which it depends on how much and which products you have to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, caloric content, etc.The usual measurement method is not subject to these characteristics.In addition, diabetes nutrition requires greater control over its daily rule.
In order to make it easier to determine how much it is necessary to eat this or that product and not go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit".The concept is applied in cases where diabetics is prescribed to an insulin.
With such a measured unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drinking and what is impossible.Create his healthy menu based on personal indicators and can also change some products to others containing carbohydrates.
As a rule, in one day a person must consume from 18 to 25 of these units.Since there should be five meals, it is logically rational to distribute this amount at all times.The main "dose" should enter the body in the morning.To monitor the number of eaten bread units, you can paint the day menu.
How many calories to consume a day?
The diabetes diet requires the abandonment of many products and dishes that could previously enter the daily diet.However, do not confuse the food that allows you to normalize sugar levels with that necessary to lose an extra kilo.
The feeding for the 1st type diabetes aims to correctly calculate the necessary amount of insulin.The calorie content in this case does not play such an important role.It must be monitored so as not to increase in weight.
Type 2 diabetes really requires greater control over calories consumed, since it often develops precisely against the background of obesity.However, it is not even worth taking them to the calculation of fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated according to the individual body indicators.The diet itself should be low -content, but does not imply a complete absence of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to eat too much.
When the question arises, what can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you have to sit on almost just crabkers and water.This is categorically impossible.The food should be full, containing vitamins and fibers.
There are various recipes of delicious, satisfactory and at the same time useful dishes that will not allow to improve, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy.Which specific products should be consumed and which approximate number of calories is allowed per day, stipulated with your doctor.
Useful and harmful products
The low carboral diets are different.For a healthy person, they are less severe than those who have diagnosed diabetes.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products that are divided into healthy and harmful to diabetics.
Useful
- all types of vegetables;
- Green (spinach, acetosis, dill);
- mushrooms;
- meat and fish (low fat);
- Coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderate the sugar moderately:
- potato;
- cereals;
- pasta, including solid varieties;
- Acid products -Milk.
Strongly raising the sugar:
- sweets;
- Honey;
- drinks with sugar;
- alcohol;
- grapes and its derivatives;
- Spacchi acute and salty condiments.
This division of the products is generally accepted and is often taken as a base when developing a diabetes menu.But what is useful for one can be harmful to the other.Since everything is relative, an individual diet is compiled for each diabetic.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a low calorie diet.But the fact is that this does not work.Numerous studies have shown that with a decrease in their diet, with the exception of a constant feeling of hunger until hungry, nervousness and other things, nothing happens.
With such a diet, it will be possible to losing weight literally a few kilograms, but if at the same time the body was distinguished by elasticity and good muscles, then this is all that everything will leave it in the first place.Subcutaneous fats will not go anywhere, and sometimes on the contrary they will accumulate even more.
The protein diet involves the consumption of active protein and a parallel reduction in the quantity of fat and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are also shades here.Once again, it is impossible to exaggerate with proteins and is completely prohibited by fat from the diet.The absence of carbohydrates will lead to a loss of vital energy.
As a result, everything is reduced to a low carbohydrate diet.In itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, it is not a lifeguard, but of the whole presented it is the best.His merit is that all the necessary elements necessary to maintain vital activity fall into the body.
Therefore, when there is a rational quantity of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, deposits are not necessary to make.The metabolism begins to work like a watch, there is no chronic hunger sensation, the symptoms of the disease disappear practically and a person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain the normal state of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low carbohydrate diet is required.But in this case, it should be severe.The number of the table here does not play a special role, although diet n.9 is often taken as a base.
The problem is that the action of insulin is also very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.That's why it is necessary to adhere to a certain nutrition.More carbohydrates enter the body, less insulin needs.
It should be understood that his diet is interconnected with the personal dosage of insulin.Therefore, when the menu develops, it is necessary to take into account the amount of the drug.It is better to paint it during the day to make it easier to follow.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than the first type, the diet is necessary to get rid of excess weight and prevent it in the future.Once again, the low carbohydrate diet is also recommended.Of course, this is an adapted approximate diet.Its meaning in the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as in the control of insulin resistance.
Some exercises take various tablets for weight loss and treatment with popular remedies.The first should be forgotten in general, since at best it will not be useful by these drugs.
The popular remedies, as a rule, are made up of any infusion of herbs and decoctions.If you really understand healing plants, then it may be possible to do something from this, but it's not worth it.
Renal failure
By the background of the disease, renal failure can develop.It should be understood that it is not caused by food proteins, as many mistakenly believe, but by an increase in blood sugar.
The active development of this disorder is suspended when the glucose level is normalized.The diet helps for this.The squirrels of the diet are not excluded, but with carbohydrates you have to work.Proper nutrition, available for ordinary people, can even lead to the fact that the kidneys will recover completely.
However, if the process is brought to the extreme, then there will be no return to healthy kidneys.In addition, in this case, the low carbohydrate diet can accelerate the destructive process.In order not to bring to this, you must monitor your conditions and the table created for yourself will help control the power in which the dishes and doses of insulin are painted.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In children, it can arise against the background of the fact that there was too much food with products for flour, desserts, etc.After discovering the problem in time and starting to solve it correctly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for various reasons.Constant stress, abundant nutrition (mainly harmful products), as well as inactivity can cause overweight and, consequently, type 2 diabetes.
There is often a situation in which the disease presented itself during pregnancy.This is due to violations in the hormonal background.In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume products that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less rigorous diet acts for pregnant women, which aims to normalize processes in the body and partially reduce weight, but without damage to the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes against the background of pregnancy, rigorous diet should be specified only with a specialist.The diet should be adapted taking into account the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus.By excluding any product, you can damage the unborn child.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops slightly less often than women.This is due to the fact that they have an accelerated metabolism.But harmful food, alcohol dependence and insignificant physical activity will easily lead to this problem.